Regarding estate planning, I get many questions about many topics. One of the most common questions I hear concerns account ownership and asset management. Understanding how accounts are titled and who has access to them isn’t just about convenience—it’s about ensuring your assets transfer smoothly to your loved ones while protecting them from potential risks.

In this first installment of a two-part series, I’ll answer the most common questions about asset ownership and management. I’ll also outline ways in which you can make things as easy for your family after your death. So, let’s dive in, beginning with a question about joint assets.

Q: What’s the difference between joint ownership and transfer-on-death designation?

A: Joint ownership means both parties have full access to and ownership of a specific account or piece of real estate while they are alive. When one owner dies, the surviving owner automatically receives full ownership. This can be convenient but comes with risks—a joint owner can withdraw all the money at any time, and the account could be vulnerable to either the joint owner’s creditors or legal judgments.

On the other hand, transfer-on-death (TOD) or payable-on-death (POD) beneficiary designations give you sole control during your lifetime. Your designated beneficiary has no access or rights to the account while you’re alive but receives the assets automatically upon death. This arrangement prevents another person from accessing your assets while you’re alive and avoids the court process (called probate) after you die.

One important note: When you have a joint owner on your account or a designated beneficiary, that person will receive all the funds after you die, no matter how old they are or what your family dynamics are. This can create conflict in your family or cause someone fiscally irresponsible to inherit a windfall with no safeguards potentially. Lawsuits are filed all the time by disgruntled siblings who find out that the caretaker sibling receives all the money in a parent’s account (or sole title to real estate) rather than being distributed equally among all siblings. If this concerns you, read on to find out how you can book a call with me to learn about your options.

Q: If I hold my property jointly or use a TOD or POD, do I need to have a Trust?

If you use joint ownership or TOD/POD instead of a Trust, you need to consider some traps for the unwary. First, as indicated above, jointly owned property could be at risk from creditors of either party. I think of my client, the granddaughter, who was titled on grandma’s bank account. When the granddaughter’s husband didn’t pay the bill on the copier contract for his business, the copier company sued and got a judgment against him. Next thing you know, grandma’s account gets garnished because it was held jointly with the granddaughter, and so the granddaughter was liable on the copier judgment.

Suppose you use a TOD or POD to avoid a scenario like that. In that case, the problem is that the TOD/POD only operates in the event of death, not incapacity, and TOD/POD could result in the wrong person ending up getting the assets or the assets ending up in probate if there is an unexpected “order of death” issue. Imagine grandma leaving the house to grandson using TOD, but grandma and grandson are in the car together when there’s an accident, and grandson dies first, with grandma dying shortly thereafter, and before she could change the TOD/POD. Who gets the property, and how? In this case, the property would have to go through probate and pass to grandma’s “next of kin” according to the state intestacy statutes. Given that grandma was leaving her property to her grandson, she likely didn’t want the “state’s plan” for her assets. But that’s what she’ll end up with.

The solution is not to use joint ownership or a TOD/POD to pass title to assets at your death. Instead, set up a trust and retitle the property. Then, everything can be handled easily, privately, and in our office for the people you love.

Q: What happens to retirement accounts and life insurance policies after death?

A: These accounts pass directly to your named beneficiaries, bypassing probate and any instructions in your will, as long as you have named beneficiaries and if you haven’t named a minor as a beneficiary. This is why keeping your beneficiary designations up to date is crucial. If your beneficiary designations are outdated – listing an ex-spouse or deceased person, for example – your assets might not go where you want them to. Even worse, if no beneficiary is listed, these accounts would go through probate, costing your loved ones unnecessary time and money. Suppose you’ve named a minor as a beneficiary. In that case, assets will be subject to a court process to hold the assets under court order until your minor beneficiary is “of age” – usually 18 or 21, depending on state law.

Q: Do I need an inventory of my assets?

A: Yes, and it’s critically important that you create an inventory and keep it current. We include this in all of our planning options because it’s one of the most critical parts of the planning process, even though, surprisingly, it’s not part of most estate planning with traditional lawyers or legal insurance plans. Our unique Life & Legacy Planning^Ⓡprocess includes an asset inventory because if you don’t inventory your assets, your family will not know what you have, how to find it, and how to access it as easily and affordably as possible. Lost assets end up in your state’s treasury as unclaimed property. According to the National Association of Unclaimed Property Administrators, approximately 1 in 7 people in the U.S. – or about 33 million people – have unclaimed property, totaling roughly 77 billion dollars. You need an asset inventory if you want to ensure that your assets go to the people or charities you want rather than to your state government’s unclaimed property fund. And it must stay up to date.

Q: How often should I review my asset inventory and account designations?

A: Your inventory and beneficiary designations need to be kept updated over time to reflect your current circumstances when you die. Your Life & Legacy Plan includes regular, ongoing reviews of your asset inventory so no asset gets lost.

It’s also important to update your asset inventory and account designations whenever you experience a significant life event such as:

Marriage or divorce
Birth or adoption of a child
Death of a beneficiary
Purchase or sale of significant assets
Moving to a new state
Starting a business
Retirement

When you work with me, you won’t have to remember this alone. I’ll proactively remind you to update your inventory and beneficiary designations and help make it as easy as possible for you to take action.

Q: What’s the best way to organize and store my asset information?

A: Create a clear, organized system that your loved ones can easily access if something happens to you. However, be careful about including sensitive information like passwords in your will, as it becomes public record after death. Instead, consider keeping this information in a secure location and telling your trusted family members, executor, or trust administrator how to access it. I will help you explore the best way to do this when we work together.

How We Help You Get Organized and Protected

We help you create a comprehensive Life & Legacy Plan that includes a complete asset inventory, proper account titling, and coordinated beneficiary designations. We’ll help you understand the implications of different ownership structures and guide you in making the best choices for your family’s unique situation. Plus, we’ll help you keep everything updated through regular reviews, ensuring your plan continues to work as intended. You’ll gain peace of mind knowing that your assets will go to the people you want in the way you want.

This article is a service of August Law, a Personal Family Lawyer® Firm. We don’t just draft documents; we ensure you make informed and empowered decisions about life and death, for yourself and the people you love. That’s why we offer a Life & Legacy Planning™ Session, during which you will get more financially organized than you’ve ever been before and make all the best choices for the people you love.

The content is sourced from Personal Family Lawyer® for use by Personal Family Lawyer® firms, a source believed to be providing accurate information. This material was created for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as ERISA, tax, legal, or investment advice. If you are seeking legal advice specific to your needs, such advice services must be obtained on your own separate from this educational material.

You’ve worked hard to build your assets and secure your family’s future. Like many responsible adults, you’ve named beneficiaries on your retirement accounts, life insurance policies, and maybe even your banking and investment accounts. It feels good to know you’ve put something in place for your loved ones.

While beneficiary designations serve a purpose, they’re not a comprehensive estate planning solution. Relying solely on them can lead to unintended consequences and potential financial disasters for your loved ones. Let’s delve into why beneficiary designations fall short and the risks you may unknowingly take with your family’s financial future.

The Dangers of Naming Minor Children As Your Beneficiaries

You love your children and want to ensure they’re cared for if something happens to you. Naming them as beneficiaries on your accounts is a straightforward way to achieve this goal. However, this approach can backfire spectacularly when your children are minors.

Designating a minor as a beneficiary creates a legal and financial predicament. Financial institutions cannot hand over large sums of money to children, so the court will likely appoint a guardian to manage the funds. This process can be time-consuming, expensive, and may not align with your wishes.

Even more concerning is what happens when your child reaches the age of majority, typically 18 or 21, depending on your state. At this point, they gain complete control of the inherited assets. Ask yourself: Is your 18-year-old ready to manage a six or seven-figure life insurance policy? What about your retirement account? For most young adults, the answer is a resounding no.

Imagine your child receiving a windfall at an age when they’re still learning to navigate adult responsibilities. They might make impulsive financial decisions, fall prey to manipulative friends or partners, or simply lack the maturity to handle sudden wealth. By relying solely on beneficiary designations, you’re potentially setting your child up for financial mismanagement or even exploitation. It’s a sobering thought that underscores the need for comprehensive planning.

When a Beneficiary Dies Before You

Life is unpredictable, and tragedy can strike at any time. While it’s uncomfortable to contemplate, your named beneficiaries may predecease you or die with you in an accident. This scenario can throw your estate into chaos if you’ve relied entirely on beneficiary forms.

When a named beneficiary dies before you, the fate of those assets becomes uncertain. Some accounts may have provisions for contingent beneficiaries, but many people neglect to name backups. In other cases, the asset may revert to your estate, potentially subjecting it to probate – a time-consuming and potentially expensive legal process you likely wanted to avoid by using beneficiary designations in the first place.

The situation becomes even more complex if you and your primary beneficiary die simultaneously or in quick succession. In such cases, determining the order of death can have significant implications for how your assets are distributed. Without a comprehensive estate plan, your assets may go to unintended recipients or get tied up in lengthy legal battles.

Establishing a will or trust can create a chain of inheritance that accounts for multiple contingencies, ensuring your assets are distributed according to your wishes regardless of the circumstances. This level of control and reassurance is a key benefit of comprehensive planning.

The Risks of “Set-It-and-Forget-It” Planning

Life is dynamic and filled with changes, both big and small. Your financial situation evolves, relationships shift, and laws change. Yet, all too often, people treat beneficiary designations as a “set it and forget it” solution. This static approach to estate planning can lead to severe problems.

Consider how much can change over a few years or decades.
You may divorce or remarry, dramatically altering your family structure.
Children grow up, and your relationship with them may change.
Your financial situation could improve significantly, making previous designations inadequate.
Tax laws and regulations around inherited assets may be revised.
You might develop new philanthropic interests or want to include charitable giving in your legacy.

If you don’t regularly review and update your beneficiary designations, they may no longer reflect your current wishes or circumstances. It’s not uncommon for people to unknowingly leave substantial assets to ex-spouses or estranged relatives simply because they failed to update their beneficiary forms.

In addition, beneficiary designations don’t allow for the nuanced distribution of assets that many people desire as their wealth grows. You should establish conditions for inheritance, protect assets from creditors, or provide for family members with special needs. These complex wishes simply can’t be accommodated through standard beneficiary forms.

The Peace of Mind That Comes From Careful Planning

To truly protect your legacy and ensure your wishes are carried out, you need a Life & Legacy Plan rooted in education about what would happen to you, your family, and your assets if you become incapacitated and when you die. From there, we craft a plan that reflects your wishes, works when needed, and fits within your budget. This might include a will, one or more trusts, powers of attorney, healthcare directives, and carefully considered beneficiary designations. When we complete your original Life & Legacy Plan, you’ll have peace of mind knowing that it will:

Protect minor beneficiaries and ensure assets are managed responsibly;
Provide for multiple contingencies, including the death of beneficiaries;
Minimize taxes and avoid probate when possible;
Reflect your values and complex wishes for asset distribution;
Adapt to changes in your life, finances, and the legal landscape.

Don’t leave your legacy to chance or expose your loved ones to unnecessary financial risks. Your family’s future security is worth the time and monetary investment in proper planning. Remember, a truly effective estate plan is a living document that grows and changes with you, providing peace of mind today and security for generations to come.

Know, too, that if you’ve already created your Life & Legacy Plan with me, keep an eye out for reminders to review and update your plan. If you know that you need to update your plan before we remind you, don’t hesitate to call us immediately.

Schedule a complimentary 15-minute consultation to learn more about how we support you. Contact us today to get started.

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